
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X2. Additional results: excluding second-order minorities with de-facto autonomy.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Min. (model A5)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A6)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A7)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-1.292<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.270</td><td>-0.697</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.582)</td><td>(0.682)</td><td>(0.742)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.133<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.664)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-0.857<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.397)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td>0.097</td><td>-0.520</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.482)</td><td>(0.531)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td>0.602</td><td>0.679</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.519)</td><td>(0.442)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>1.366</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.560)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td>0.473</td><td>0.470</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(1.964)</td><td>(1.901)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td>0.179</td><td>0.258</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(1.078)</td><td>(1.065)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>1.709</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.431)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td>2.973<sup>**</sup></td><td>3.064<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(1.050)</td><td>(1.102)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td>-1.019<sup>*</sup></td><td>-1.031<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.399)</td><td>(0.407)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td>0.129</td><td>0.137</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.282)</td><td>(0.282)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.251<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.343<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.335<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.111)</td><td>(0.143)</td><td>(0.143)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.386<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.432<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.429<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.131)</td><td>(0.172)</td><td>(0.168)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.0001</td><td>0.0001</td><td>0.00004</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.900</td><td>1.047<sup>†</sup></td><td>1.000<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.006)</td><td>(0.596)</td><td>(0.598)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.047</td><td>-0.077</td><td>-0.088</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.172)</td><td>(0.171)</td><td>(0.165)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.198</td><td>-0.123</td><td>-0.122</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.151)</td><td>(0.135)</td><td>(0.135)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.852<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.525<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.453<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.198)</td><td>(0.232)</td><td>(0.244)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>-0.186</td><td>0.017</td><td>0.053</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.127)</td><td>(0.197)</td><td>(0.204)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>-0.332</td><td>0.716</td><td>0.812</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.795)</td><td>(0.537)</td><td>(0.541)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>1.156</td><td>0.708</td><td>0.893</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.254)</td><td>(1.183)</td><td>(1.185)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.589<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.362</td><td>0.388</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.327)</td><td>(0.247)</td><td>(0.237)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.143</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.174)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>-0.008</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.017)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>0.0004</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0004)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>0.438</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.614)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td>-0.225<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.214<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.093)</td><td>(0.096)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td>0.009</td><td>0.008</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.013)</td><td>(0.013)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td>-0.0002</td><td>-0.0001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.0004)</td><td>(0.0004)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td>1.004<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.961<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.458)</td><td>(0.465)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>0.003</td><td>-22.260<sup>***</sup></td><td>-23.316<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.126)</td><td>(2.920)</td><td>(3.024)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>121,886</td><td>168,036</td><td>168,036</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-821.918</td><td>-1,157.562</td><td>-1,148.724</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>1,753.835</td><td>2,433.124</td><td>2,417.448</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
